ABSTRACT
Purpose: To study the epidemiological pattern, prevalence, types, and correlates of age?related cataracts in a tertiary care center in central India. Methods: This hospital?based single?center cross?sectional study was conducted on 2,621 patients diagnosed with cataracts for 3 years. Data pertaining to demography, socio?economic profile, cataract grading, cataract types, and associated risk factors were evaluated. Statistical analysis using unadjusted odds ratio (OR) and multivariate logistic regression was performed, with P-value <0.05 considered significant with the power of the study being 95%. Results: The commonest age group affected was 60–79 years, closely followed by the 40–59 years age group. The prevalence of nuclear sclerosis (NS), cortical (CC), and posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) was found to be 65.2% (3,418), 24.6% (1,289), and 43.4% (2,276), respectively. Among mixed cataracts, (NS + PSC) had the highest prevalence of 39.8%. Smokers were found to have 1.17 times higher odds of developing NS than non?smokers. Diabetics had 1.12 times higher odds of developing NS cataracts and 1.04 times higher odds of developing CC. Patients with hypertension showed 1.27 times higher odds of developing NS and 1.32 times higher odds of developing CC. Conclusion: The prevalence of cataracts in the pre?senile age group (<60 years) was found to have increased significantly (35.7%). A higher prevalence of PSC (43.4%) was found in studied subjects, as compared to the data of previous studies. Smoking, diabetes, and hypertension were found to have a positive association with a higher prevalence of cataracts.
ABSTRACT
The scientific literature regarding use of reptiles for purpose getting high are sparse, and mainly from developing countries.Duringconditions like non-availability of drugs or other substances of abuse, there can be propensity for using alternative forms ofsubstances like reptiles or insects, which is determined by a milieu of factors, like personality profiles, socio-cultural milieus,availability and accessibility of substance and co-morbid psychopathology. We present a case of alcohol and cannabinoiddependence syndrome with dissocial traits admitted in a state drug-deaddictioncenter, PGIMS Rohtak describing the use of tail ofIndian lizard to get high when there was non-availability of cannabis and alcohol in jail.
ABSTRACT
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of clonal disorders affecting the hemopoietic stem cells and characterized by peripheral cytopenias with normocellular to hypercellular bone marrow and various morphological abnormalities in one or more hemopoietic cell lines. MDS carries a high risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia especially in subtypes with increased myeloblasts. Here, we present the case of leukemic transformation in MDSin a 41-year-old male who presented with complaints of generalized weakness, loss of appetite for 2 months and fever on and off for 1 week. The patient was diagnosed as MDS-multilineage dysplasia after blood examination and bone marrow biopsy but the patient refused for further treatment
ABSTRACT
Lower respiratory tract infections [LTRIs] are among the most common infectious diseases with potential life-threatening complications. The study consisted of 426 patients with suspected LTRIs from mid and far western region of Nepal between September 2011 and July 2014. The specimens were collected and processed according to the standard microbiological methods at the Central Laboratory of Microbiology of Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepal. Among the isolated Gram-positive organisms, Streptococcus pneumonia [n = 30, 51.7%] was the most predominant pathogen, followed by Staphylococcus aureus [n = 28, 48.3%]. Among the isolated Gram-negative organisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa [n = 71, 35.32%] was the most predominant pathogen, followed by Haemophilus influenzae [n = 68, 33.83%], Klebsiella pneumonia [n = 36, 17.19%], and Escherichia coli [n = 26, 12.94%]. The pattern of resistance varied regarding the bacteria species, and there were multi-resistant isolates. Also, a significant difference [P < 0.05] was observed between males and females for each type of bacterial species. Among 259 isolates, 86 [33.20%] were from children aged 1-10 years, which were statistically significant [P < 0.05] compared to the other age groups. P. aeruginosa and H. influenzae [Gram-negative] and S. pnemoniae [Gram-positive] were the most common bacterial isolates recovered from LTRIs. Age group of 1-10 years old was at a higher risk. Many isolates showed appreciable levels of antibiotic resistance due to antibiotic abuse. There is a need to increase surveillance and develop better strategies to curb the increasing prevalence of LRTI in this region of Nepal